Youngest Toba eruption | |
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![]() Artist's impression of early stages of eruption from about 42 km (26 mi) above northern Sumatra | |
Volcano | Toba Caldera Complex |
Date | c. 74,000 years BP |
Location | Sumatra, Indonesia 2°41′04″N 98°52′32″E / 2.6845°N 98.8756°E |
VEI | 8 |
Impact | Covered the Indian subcontinent in 5 cm (2.0 in) of ash,[1] volcanic winter may have caused a severe human population bottleneck |
Deaths | (Potentially) almost all of humanity, leaving around 3,000–10,000 humans left on the planet |
![]() Lake Toba is the resulting crater lake |
The Toba eruption (sometimes called the Toba supereruption or the Youngest Toba eruption) was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred about 74,000 years ago during the Late Pleistocene[2] at the site of present-day Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia. It was the last in a series of at least four caldera-forming eruptions at this location, with the earlier known caldera having formed around 1.2 million years ago.[3] This last eruption had an estimated VEI of 8, making it the largest-known explosive volcanic eruption in the Quaternary, and one of the largest known explosive eruptions in the Earth's history.
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